Acute toxicity and effects of of Solanum macrocarpon leaf on Phenylhydrazine-induced haemolytic anaemia, blood glucose and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats

Usunobun U; Okungbowa AI; Osaremhen EA; Ademuyiwa A

doi:10.61386/imj.v19i1.908

Authors

Usunobun U Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Edo State University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
Okungbowa AI Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry unit), Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State
Osaremhen EA Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State
Ademuyiwa A Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61386/imj.v19i1.908

Keywords:

Anaemia, Hematology, Nephrotoxicity, Phenylhydrazine, Solanum macrocarpon

Abstract

Background: A variety of toxic effects of the hydrazines have been described, including autoimmune disturbances in humans, human leukemogenesis, alterations in the liver, kidney, central nervous system.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether Solanum macrocarpon aqueous leaf extract protect against Phenylhydrazine-induced hemato-toxicity and nephrotoxicity in anaemic male wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar albino rats (180-200g) divided into five groups of six rats each were used for the study: Group 1 served as normal control and received normal saline orally once daily. Group II served as anaemic control while Group III received only 300mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of Solanum macrocarpon orally once daily for 14 days. Group IV rats were induced with anaemia and thereafter treated with 300mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of Solanum macrocarpon orally once daily for 14 days while Group V were induced with anaemia and thereafter treated with 100mg/kg Ascorbic acid orally once daily for 14 days. Group II, IV and V were intraperitoneally induced haemolytic anaemia with 50mg/kg Phenylhydrazine for three consecutive days. All rats were sacrificed 24 hr after last extract treatment.

Results: Acute toxicity study showed LD50 to be above 5000mg/kg as there was neither mortality nor toxicity observed up to the last dose of 5000mg/kg. Electrolyte concentration showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in sodium ion and an increase in potassium ion concentration in Phenylhydrazine-induced anaemic rats which were however improved towards normalcy by Solanum macrocarpon leaf extract. Solanum macrocarpon significantly enhanced (p<0.05) Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and platelet count; significantly decreased (p< 0.05) levels of creatinine and urea as well as maintained blood glucose levels corroborated by histopathological findings.

Conclusion: This study established Solanum macrocarpon leaf potential in modulating Phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia, electrolyte balance and nephrotoxicity in wistar rats.