Prevalence and pattern of adverse events following immunization among children in South-western state, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study among mothers attending immunisation clinics

Abstract

Context: Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) contribute immensely to child morbidity and mortality as they often lead to low uptake of vaccines with consequent persistence of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study assessed knowledge, prevalence and patterns of adverse events following immunization among children attending immunization clinics in Osogbo, Osun State.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 mothers of infant 0-24 years attending immunization clinics in Osogbo using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Chi-Squared test and binary logistic regression model were used for inferential statistics at p < 0.05.

Results: One hundred and seventy-five (72.6%) children experienced one form of AEFI or the other before. Fever (103,42.4%) was the most frequently mentioned AEFI. One hundred and forty-four (57.8%) respondents have poor knowledge of AEFI. Pentavalent vaccine (112, 46.9%) was the commonest antigen among respondents responsible for AEFI. Birth order of baby (p-= 0.001) and antenatal clinic attendance (p= 0.042) were statistically significantly associated with knowledge of AEFI.

Conclusion: Knowledge of AEFI among respondents was sub-optimal. The need for continuous sensitization of mothers during antenatal and immunization clinics is strongly recommended as this will go a long way in early identification and prompt reporting of AEFI to the appropriate quarters for immediate management.